Alpha-lipoic acid – often abbreviated as ALA – is an important coenzyme and a highly versatile antioxidant that comprehensively protects our cells from harmful influences. ALA can act in both aqueous and fatty environments and also has the ability to regenerate other important antioxidants such as vitamins C and E.
What is alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)?
Alpha-lipoic acid is a sulfur-containing fatty acid that acts as a natural coenzyme involved in many metabolic processes in our body, such as the conversion of glucose into energy. Additionally, it is a strong antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals – unstable molecules that cause cell damage – in various environments, both aqueous and lipid-based (1).
Why is alpha-lipoic acid so important?
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is important for maintaining our body's health in many ways:
- ALA is a potent antioxidant that protects our cells. Additionally, it can enhance the protective effect of other antioxidants by promoting their regeneration.
- ALA protects our nervous system from damage and maintains the health and function of our nerve cells. This is especially important in diabetic neuropathy.
- As a coenzyme, ALA plays a key role in energy production from our food and supports our glucose metabolism.
Natural and synthetic sources of alpha-lipoic acid
Alpha-lipoic acid occurs in small amounts in various foods:
- Red meat: Especially heart and offal contain alpha-lipoic acid.
- Vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, and tomatoes are good sources.
- Yeast: Particularly beer and baker's yeast are notable.
- Plant seeds and nuts: Flaxseeds and chia seeds are especially important here.
In addition to these natural sources, there is also synthetically produced alpha-lipoic acid.
Unfortunately, we often consume too little alpha-lipoic acid through our diet. In such cases, it is advisable to use appropriate dietary supplements. These usually consist of a mixture of alpha-lipoic acid in the natural R(+) and synthetic S(-) forms, with the body preferring the R(+) form of alpha-lipoic acid.
Health significance
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is valued for its versatile biochemical properties. These include:
- ALA is a strong antioxidant and protects our cells from free radicals. (2)
- ALA plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism and is important for diabetics.
- ALA acts anti-inflammatory and protects our nerve cells.
ALA has antioxidant properties
Alpha-lipoic acid is considered one of the potentially most effective antioxidants in the field of dietary supplements.
- Neutralization of free radicals: ALA traps harmful free radicals and can thereby prevent cell damage.
- Regeneration of other antioxidants: In addition to directly neutralizing free radicals, ALA can also help regenerate oxidized forms of other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E.
- Heavy metal chelation: ALA can bind heavy metals and thus reduce the body's burden from pollutants.
- Anti-inflammatory: ALA has anti-inflammatory properties, especially in connection with oxidative stress.
- Improvement of mitochondrial function: ALA not only removes harmful oxygen compounds but also supports the elimination of dangerous metal ions. This allows our mitochondria, the power plants of our cells, to work more efficiently.
ALA positively influences blood sugar levels
The antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) may also have beneficial effects on blood sugar levels. Studies suggest that ALA can improve glucose metabolism in the body, which in turn could lead to a reduction in blood sugar levels. A possible mechanism of action in this context would be that the intake of ALA promotes glucose uptake into the cells, which would effectively reduce an excess of sugar in the bloodstream. Especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, ALA could also improve insulin sensitivity (the cells' response to the hormone insulin), which would again positively influence blood sugar regulation. (3)
Through both of the aforementioned mechanisms - the improvement of insulin sensitivity and the increased glucose uptake into the cells - ALA may have a stabilizing effect on blood sugar levels. However, it should be mentioned that further studies are needed to clearly prove these effects.
In addition, when using dietary supplements like ALA, it is important to also consider possible interactions with other medications, especially diabetes therapeutics. This is particularly important to avoid hypoglycemia and other risks. In general, the intake of dietary supplements such as alpha-lipoic acid should always be discussed with a doctor or nutritionist, as only in this way can it be ensured that they are meaningfully integrated into the individual health concept.
ALA protects our nerve cells
Due to its antioxidant properties, alpha-lipoic acid acts anti-inflammatory and consequently protects our nerve cells from damage.
- ALA helps neutralize oxidative stressors that could contribute to neuronal damage.
- ALA reduces neuronal inflammation and pain.
- ALA strengthens mitochondrial functions and can thereby modulate neurodegenerative processes.
It has also been shown that ALA helps nerve cells remain healthy longer and slows down the natural processes that can lead to cell death. This is particularly important in neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis, as has already been demonstrated in various clinical studies.
Current research on alpha-lipoic acid
Current state of research
Research on alpha-lipoic acid has recently made significant progress, especially regarding its antioxidant effect.
- Neuroprotective effects: Recent findings support the hypothesis that ALA has neuroprotective effects, which in turn can form the basis for future therapeutic applications.
- Improvement of mitochondrial metabolism: Scientific investigations emphasize the importance of ALA for mitochondrial metabolism and thus energy production in cells.
- Anti-inflammatory effect: Recent studies also investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of ALA. Apparently, these play a key role in combating chronic inflammation, which in turn is associated with various metabolic diseases. Although the exact mode of action of ALA in the human body is not yet fully understood, preclinical studies already show promising results. Nevertheless, further extensive clinical studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ALA in various clinical scenarios. However, current developments give cause for hope that ALA holds versatile therapeutic potential.
Future research goals
Current scientific research on alpha-lipoic acid focuses on its neuroprotective properties, especially in connection with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Additionally, its potential in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications is being explored, particularly regarding glucose uptake into cells and the reduction of oxidative stress. The future will show to what extent clinical studies will produce successful therapeutic approaches and which new application areas will open up for alpha-lipoic acid. Personalized medicine, in particular, could benefit from the advancing insights and develop specific therapeutic protocols tailored to individual metabolic profiles.
New fields of application
The role of alpha-lipoic acid in the context of neuroprotective strategies could have far-reaching therapeutic implications. Possible new applications include the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's by reducing oxidative damage. Additionally, research continues to focus on influencing glucose metabolism, especially regarding diabetic polyneuropathy and the possible prevention of diabetes mellitus. In oncology, alpha-lipoic acid could be used to support minimizing side effects of antineoplastic therapies due to its antioxidant effect. Future clinical studies will be necessary to confirm the promising preclinical findings on alpha-lipoic acid.
Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: usage instructions
Alpha-lipoic acid: intake and dosage
When taken as a dietary supplement, the dosage of alpha-lipoic acid varies depending on the intended use and individual situation.
- The daily dosage can range between 100 mg and 600 mg.
- For therapeutic purposes, such as diabetic neuropathy, higher doses are recommended.
- Intake should preferably be on an empty stomach to increase bioavailability.
- Alpha-lipoic acid is often taken in divided doses throughout the day.
For long-term supplementation, it is advisable to coordinate intake with a doctor or nutritionist.
Of course, we also offer a high-quality dietary supplement with alpha-lipoic acid: Alpha-lipoic acid from Euro Nutrador
Potential side effects of alpha-lipoic acid
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is generally safe and well tolerated. However, as with any dietary supplement, side effects can occur and should be taken into consideration. Hypersensitivity reactions or adjustments in blood sugar levels are possible side effects when taking ALA, which should especially be done under medical supervision in diabetics. In rare cases, gastrointestinal complaints may occur, but these are usually mild and temporary.
Known risks and warnings
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) should only be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding after consultation with a doctor, as there is currently insufficient data available.
Since ALA can influence blood sugar levels, special caution is required in diabetics. Blood sugar values should be regularly monitored to prevent hypoglycemia. If antidiabetic drugs are taken simultaneously, their effect may be enhanced, which could require medication adjustment. It is essential that these risks are recognized and managed within the framework of medical monitoring.
People with a vitamin B1 deficiency should only start taking alpha-lipoic acid after consulting a physician, as ALA can further lower thiamine levels. This is particularly important in alcohol dependence, where thiamine deficiency is common.
The use of alpha-lipoic acid also carries the risk of allergic reactions. These can range from simple skin reactions to severe allergic shocks. If signs of an allergy occur, intake should be stopped immediately and a doctor consulted. Especially people with known hypersensitivity to components of the preparations should seek medical advice before taking it. (4)
Interactions of alpha-lipoic acid with other agents
Alpha-lipoic acid can bind the effect of metals and thus impair their absorption. This is especially important when taken simultaneously with iron or magnesium supplements.
The interaction with diabetes medications should also be mentioned, as alpha-lipoic acid can enhance the blood sugar-lowering effect of these drugs. This could lead to hypoglycemia, which is why regular blood sugar measurements and possibly dosage adjustments are necessary.
Furthermore, the combined use with other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, should be carefully coordinated due to potential synergistic effects.
In patients using anticoagulants such as warfarin, alpha-lipoic acid could influence the effect of these medications. Special caution is required here, and regular monitoring of blood coagulation values is essential.
Finally, the influence of alpha-lipoic acid on thyroid hormones should not be underestimated. In individuals suffering from thyroid diseases and taking corresponding medications, alpha-lipoic acid can affect hormone levels. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor thyroid parameters and adjust thyroid medication if necessary.
Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23471087/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28295905/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32407179/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24733236/
Legal notice regarding health-related claims:
Our information is for general informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Dietary supplements do not replace a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Health-related claims about dietary supplements must comply with the Health Claims Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 and be approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). If you have health complaints or questions, please consult a doctor.
Legal notice regarding health-related claims:
Our information is for general informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Dietary supplements do not replace a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Health-related claims about dietary supplements must comply with the Health Claims Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 and be approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). If you have health complaints or questions, please consult a doctor.
